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Lightning & surge protection, illumination, demand, grounding.
5 concepts
The rolling sphere method, strike distance, air terminals and down conductors per NFPA 780, and shielding of substations and lines.
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MOV arresters and MCOV selection, arrester classes, SPD types, BIL, and computing protective margins.
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The lumen method with CU and light loss factors, point-by-point calculations, zonal cavity basics, efficacy, and color metrics.
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Demand, load, diversity, and coincidence factors; billing demand and rate structures; load profiles and conservation economics.
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System grounding methods and their fault behavior, equipment grounding, touch and step voltage, and ground-grid design ideas from IEEE 80.
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