Study — concept handbook

Analytic geometry, logarithms, and trigonometry, single-variable and integral calculus, ordinary and partial differential equations and Laplace transforms, matrix algebra and systems of equations, and numerical methods including error propagation, Taylor series, curve fitting, and Newton-Raphson.

Discrete, continuous, normal, and binomial distributions, expected value in decision making, hypothesis testing and design of experiments (t-test, ANOVA, outlier testing), measures of central tendency and dispersion with confidence intervals, regression and curve fitting, and statistical process-control limits.

Basic dynamics (friction, force, mass, acceleration, momentum), work, energy, and power for particles and rigid bodies, and electricity fundamentals (charge, current, voltage, power, Ohm's law, and Kirchhoff's laws).

Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and physical properties and the effects of temperature, pressure, stress, and strain, material types and compatibilities for ferrous, nonferrous, and engineered materials, corrosion mechanisms and control, and polymers, ceramics, and composites.

Inorganic chemistry (molarity, normality, acids and bases, redox, solubility product, pH and pK, electrochemistry), organic chemistry (nomenclature, structure, reactions, synthesis), analytical chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology (cell function, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, enzymes, genetics), and bioprocessing (fermentation and aerobic/anaerobic treatment).

Fluid properties and dimensionless numbers (Reynolds), the mechanical energy balance with pipe, valve, fitting, and packed-bed losses, the Bernoulli equation and hydrostatics, laminar and turbulent flow, flow measurement (orifices and Venturi meters), pumps, compressors, and vacuum systems, and compressible and non-Newtonian flow.

Thermodynamic properties of pure components and mixtures, property data and phase diagrams (steam tables, P-h, T-s, x-y), the first and second laws, isothermal, adiabatic, and isentropic processes, power and refrigeration cycles, phase equilibrium (Raoult's law, fugacity, activity coefficients), chemical equilibrium, and heats of reaction and mixing.

Steady-state and unsteady-state mass balances, steady-state and unsteady-state energy balances, recycle and bypass processes, and reactive systems including combustion, with conversion, yield, and extent of reaction.

Conductive, convective (natural and forced), and radiation heat transfer, overall, local, and fouling heat-transfer coefficients, and heat-transfer equipment design (double-pipe and shell-and-tube exchangers, log-mean temperature difference, the effectiveness-NTU method, and flow configuration).

Molecular and convective mass transfer with diffusion and mass-transfer coefficients, separation systems (distillation, absorption, extraction, membranes, adsorption), equilibrium-stage methods (McCabe-Thiele, stage efficiency), continuous-contact methods (NTU, HTU, HETP), and humidification, drying, and evaporation.

Particle properties and size distributions, surface and bulk forces, solids processing (crushing, grinding, and crystallization), and transportation and storage (belt and pneumatic conveying, slurries, tanks, and hoppers).

Reaction rates and order, the Arrhenius rate constant, conversion, yield, and selectivity, series, parallel, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biological reactions, reactor types (batch, semibatch, CSTR, plug flow, gas and liquid phase), and catalysis.

Time value of money (present, annual, and future worth, rate of return), economic analyses (break-even, benefit-cost, optimal economic life), uncertainty with expected value and risk, and project selection with unequal lives, depreciation, and discounted cash flow.

Process flow diagrams and piping and instrumentation diagrams, equipment selection, sizing, and scale-up, equipment and facilities cost estimation with cost indices, process design and optimization (sustainability, efficiency, green engineering, inherently safer design), and design standards (regulatory, ASTM, ISO, OSHA).

Process dynamics (first- and second-order processes, gains and time constants, stability, damping, transfer functions), control strategies (feedback, feedforward, cascade, ratio, PID tuning), and control-loop design and hardware (sensors, control valves, interlocks, and conceptual DCS and PLC programming).

Hazardous material properties and safety data sheets, industrial hygiene (toxicity, noise, PPE, ergonomics), process safety and hazard analysis (LOPA, HAZOP, fault and event trees, dispersion modeling), overpressure and underpressure protection (relief and inherently safer design), waste minimization, treatment, and regulation (RCRA, CWA, EPA, OSHA), and reactivity hazards (inerting, runaway reactions, compatibility).

Codes of ethics of professional and technical societies, agreements, contracts, and contract law (noncompete, nondisclosure, memoranda of understanding), public health, safety, and welfare with licensing and professional liability, and intellectual property (copyrights, trade secrets, patents, and trademarks).